Alteraciones volumétricas del sistema nervioso central asociadas a esquizofrenia: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14635/ipsic.1950Palabras clave:
Esquizofrenia, criterios diagnósticos, neuroanatomía, revisión sistemática.Resumen
La esquizofrenia es un trastorno heterogéneo abordado desde múltiples hipótesis. La literatura que la estudia anatómicamente ofrece resultados dispares. Presentamos una revisión sistemática centrada en las últimas dos décadas según directrices PRISMA. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scoop, Web of Science y Scielo. Se seleccionaron 32 metaanálisis y 10 ensayos clínicos. La esquizofrenia se desvela como una entidad múltiple y biológicamente difícil de explicar. Muchas investigaciones coinciden en la presencia de pérdida de materia gris, materia blanca, incremento del tamaño de los ventrículos y alteraciones funcionales del hipocampo. El estudio de alteraciones en otras estructuras cerebrales es objeto de fuertes controversias. Sigue siendo necesaria la necesidad de ampliar conocimiento y de incorporar la perspectiva de redes cerebrales para clarificar si estamos ante una única entidad diagnóstica con diversos subtipos o ante un conglomerado de alteraciones distintas.
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