Outness and non-monogamy: the mediating role of invisibility in women and bisexual non-binary people.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14635/ipsic.1970Keywords:
no-monogamia; bisexualidad; estrés de minorías; outness.Abstract
Non-monogamous people experience difficulties in coming out (outness) because of fear of discrimination, and this seems to increase in people who belong to more than one minority group, such as women and non-binary bisexual people. The current study aimed to analyse the influence of relational style and invisibility motivation on the relationship between anticipation of rejection and outness in people with diverse minority identities. Participants were 78 women and non-binary bisexual individuals aged 20-57 years (M=29.04; SD=7.14). Sociodemographic variables and level of outness were assessed, together with motivation to invisibility (LGBIS) and anticipation of rejection (MSS). Results indicated that the level of invisibility motivation was higher in non-monogamous people. Moderate mediation analyses showed that in non-monogamous individuals, invisibility motivation had a mediating effect on the relationship between rejection anticipation and outness, and this mediation was moderated by relational style. These results highlight the importance of addressing the specific needs of people with multiple stigmatised identities, and normalising diverse relational styles to protect non-monogamous people from discrimination and social rejection
Downloads
References
Ballester, R. (2021). Diversidad sexual: la triste historia de una feliz realidad. Informació Psicològica, 120, 2–19. https://www.informaciopsicologica.info/revista/article/view/1865/1816
Barnett, M., Fotheringham, F., Hutton, V., y O’loughlin, K. (2020). Heterosexism and Cisgenderism. In Multicultural Responsiveness in Counselling and Psychology (pp. 153–178). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55427-9_6
Bauer, G. R., Churchill, S. M., Mahendran, M., Walwyn, C., Lizotte, D., y Villa-Rueda, A. A. (2021). Intersectionality in quantitative research: A systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods. SSM - Population Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSMPH.2021.100798
Brown, J. (2020). “Non-monogamy is the hardest thing to disclose”: Expressions of gender, sexuality, and relationships on the university campus. Women’s Studies Journal, 34(2), 107–115. https://www.wsanz.org.nz/
Brunning, L. (2018). The distinctiveness of polyamory. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 35(3), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAPP.12240
Bry, L. J., Mustanski, B., Garofalo, R., y Burns, M. N. (2016). Management of a Concealable Stigmatized Identity: A Qualitative Study of Concealment, Disclosure, and Role Flexing Among Young, Resilient Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(6), 745–769. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1236574
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). (2020). A long way to go for LGBTI equality. https://doi.org/10.2811/582502
Fahs, B. (2021). The Coming Out Process for Assigned-Female-at-Birth Transgender and Non-Binary Teenagers: Negotiating Multiple Identities, Parental Responses, and Early Transitions in Three Case Studies. Jour- nal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling, 15(2), 146–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2021.1914273
Feinstein, B. A., y Dyar, C. (2017). Bisexuality, minority stress, and health. Current Sexual Health Reports, 9(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11930-017-0096-3
Gusmano, B. (2018). Coming out Through an Intersectional Perspective: Narratives of Bisexuality and Polyamory in Italy. Journal of Bisexuality, 18(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2017.1416510
Guyan, K. (2022). Queer Data. Queer Data. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350230767
Haupert, M. L., Gesselman, A. N., Moors, A. C., Fisher, H. E., y Garcia, J. R. (2016). Prevalence of Experiences With Con- sensual Nonmonogamous Relationships: Findings From Two National Samples of Single Americans. Journal of Sex y Marital Therapy, 43(5), 424–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2016.1178675
Hertlein, K. M., Hartwell, E. E., y Munns, M. E. (2016). Attitudes Toward Bisexuality According to Sexual Orientation and Gender. Journal of Bisexuality, 16(3), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2016.1200510
Hildebrandt, T., y Chua, L. J. (2017). Negotiating In/visibility: The Political Economy of Lesbian Activism and Rights Advocacy. Development and Change, 48(4), 639–662. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12314
Katz-Wise, S. L., Mereish, E. H., y Woulfe, J. (2016). Associations of Bisexual-Specific Minority Stress and Health Among Cisgender and Transgender Adults with Bisexual Orientation. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(7), 899–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1236181
Kichler, R. (2022). “What Has Kept Me Alive”: Transgender Communities and Support. Journal of Homosexuality, 69(14), 2463–2482. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.1943277
Klesse, C. (2005). Bisexual women, non-monogamy and differentialist anti-promiscuity discourses. Sexualities, 8(4), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460705056620
Liu, F., Ye, Z., Chui, H., y Chong, E. S. K. (2022). Effect of perceived public stigma on internalized homophobia, an- ticipated stigma, shame, and guilt: Outness as a moderator. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/AJSP.12552
Lopes, B., y Jaspal, R. (2022). Identity Processes and Psychological Wellbeing upon Recall of a Significant “Coming Out” Experience in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People. Journal of Homosexuality. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2022.2111536
Maciel, I. V., y Barnett, M. D. (2021). Generalized Self-Disclosure Explains Variance in Outness Beyond Internal- ized Sexual Prejudice Among Young Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(3), 1121–1128. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-020-01881-X/TABLES/2
Maliepaard, E. (2022). Bisexuality/Plurisexuality in Romantic Relationships: Making Space for Bisexuality/Plurisexu- ality? Journal of Bisexuality, 21(4), 560–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2022.2031369
Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations: Concep- tual Issues and Research Evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.129.5.674
Mohr, J. J., y Kendra, M. S. (2011). Revision and extension of a multidimensional measure of sexual minority identity: The lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022858
Moors, A. C., Matsick, J. L., y Schechinger, H. A. (2017). Unique and Shared Relationship Benefits of Consensual- ly Non-Monogamous and Monogamous Relationships. European Psychologist, 22(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/A000278
Moors, A. C., Selterman, D. F., y Conley, T. D. (2017). Personality Correlates of Desire to Engage in Consensual Non-monogamy among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals. Journal of Bisexuality, 17(4), 418–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2017.1367982
Nagoshi, J. L., Pillai, V. K., Nagoshi, C. T., Hohn, K. L., y Lindley, L. M. (2022). Becoming aware of your gender and sexual identity: Narrative experiences, intersecting identities, and healthcare implications. Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607221137316
Nebot-Garcia, J. E., Elipe-Miravet M., Martínez-Gómez, N., y Ballester-Arnal, R. (2021). Adaptación de la Escala de Estrés de las Minorías LGTBI en población española: datos preliminares. IV Jornadas de Investigación Para El Alumnado de La Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud de La Universidad Jaume I.
Outland, P. L. (2016). Developing the LGBT Minority Stress Measure.
Ramirez, J. L., y Paz Galupo, M. (2019). Multiple minority stress: The role of proximal and distal stress on mental health outcomes among lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color. Journal of Gay y Lesbian Mental Health, 23(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2019.1568946
Riggle, E. D. B., Rostosky, S. S., Black, W. W., y Rosenkrantz, D. E. (2017). Outness, concealment, and authenticity: Associations with LGB individuals’ psychological distress and well-being. Psychology of Sexual Orienta- tion and Gender Diversity, 4(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000202
Salim, S. R., McConnell, A. A., y Messman-Moore, T. L. (2020). Bisexual Women’s Experiences of Stigma and Verbal Sexual Coercion: The Roles of Internalized Heterosexism and Outness. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 44(3), 362–376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320917391
Sattler, F. A., y Zeyen, J. (2021). Intersecting Identities, Minority Stress, and Mental Health Problems in Different Sexual and Ethnic Groups. Stigma and Health, 6(4), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1037/SAH0000340
Schudson, Z. C., y Morgenroth, T. (2022). Non-binary gender/sex identities. In Current Opinion in Psychology (Vol.48). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101499
Scoats, R., y Campbell, C. (2022). What do we know about consensual non-monogamy? Current Opinion in Psy- chology, 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COPSYC.2022.101468
Swan, D. J. (2018). Defining bisexuality: Challenges and importance of and toward a unifying definition. Bisex- uality: Theories, Research, and Recommendations for the Invisible Sexuality, 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71535-3_3/TABLES/1
van Dyk, I. S., Aldao, A., y Pachankis, J. E. (2022). Coming out under fire: The role of minority stress and emotion reg- ulation in sexual orientation disclosure. PLOS ONE, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0267810
Vinces, J. M. (2016). Adaptación de la escala de identidad para lesbianas, gays y bisexuales (LGBIS) en un grupo de lesbianas, gays y bisexuales del Perú. Universidad de Lima.
Wicks, D. (2017). The consequences of outness: gay men’s workplace experiences. Management Decision, 55(9), 1868–1887. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2016-0900/FULL/PDF
Witherspoon, R. G., y Theodore, P. S. (2021). Exploring Minority Stress and Resilience in a Polyamorous Sample. Archives of Sexual Behavior , 50(4), 1367–1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-021-01995-W
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), 310(20), 2191–2194.
Zavala, C., y Waters, L. (2021). Coming Out as LGBTQ +: The Role Strength-Based Parenting on Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1359–1383. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10902-020-00276-Y/TABLES/4
Zhang, X., Pipeleers, G., Hengster-Movrić, K., y Faria, C. (2022). Introduction: Parenting, polyamory and consensual non-monogamy. Critical and queer perspectives. Sexualities, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607221114466
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Nota de Copyright-Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados