¿Influye el tipo de maltrato sufrido en la infancia en la adopción de los mecanismos de afrontamiento adultos?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14635/ipsic.1894Palabras clave:
experiencias adversas en la infancia, mecanismos de afrontamiento, drogas, fracaso escolar, creencias religiosas, ejército.Resumen
Las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (ACEs) son un factor de riesgo para múltiples patologías tanto físicas como psicológicas, las cuales pueden conllevar la adopción de estrategias de riesgo como el consumo de drogas y alcohol, las conductas transgresoras, u otro tipo de mecanismos de afrontamiento como la creencia en una religión. Así pues, el objetivo principal de este estudio es el de analizar cómo influyen las ACEs en la adopción de diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento, en concreto: consumo de sustancias, fracaso escolar, creencias religiosas y alistamiento en el ejército. Los participantes fueron 490 jóvenes de entre 18 y 20 años, quienes respondieron al cuestionario de Experiencias Adversas Infantiles (abuso, negligencia y disfunciones en el hogar), así como a diferentes preguntas sobre las variables de estudio. Los resultados indicaron que, las estrategias de afrontamiento variaban en función del tipo de experiencia adversa sufrida. Por ejemplo, el abuso (físico, emocional y sexual) se asociaba con el consumo de drogas, la negligencia (física y emocional), con el fracaso escolar y las disfunciones en el hogar (alcoholismo de un familiar, violencia doméstica, etc.), con la perdida de religiosidad. En conclusión, parecen existir diferentes mecanismos de afrontamiento en función del tipo de maltrato específico, lo que puede permitir una actuación y detección mucho más temprana y eficiente por parte de los profesionales.
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